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25.01.2018  |  16508x
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20 g Sand ground with the PULVERISETTE 2 after 30 min, agate grinding set

CHARACTERISTICS OF SAND

AND CRITERIA FOR ITS COMMINUTION

FROM CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL TO SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY

On planet earth sand is a very common unconsolidated sedimentary rock. It is characterized by a particle size between 0.063 and 2.0 mm. The mineral composition can vary extremely. Many occurrences consist of quartz respectively silicon dioxide (SiO2). Due to its physical and chemical characteristics sand is mainly used in the construction and glass industry. The analytical evaluation of the chemical composition and therefore the aptness for the intended uses make the comminution of quartz sand a prerequisite.
FRITSCH offers a wide spectrum of suitable mills for this. For the characterization of the particle size distribution, FRITSCH offers sieve shakers and instruments for particle sizing via static laser scattering as well as instruments for the dynamic image analysis. With these technologies, the tracking and optimization of the comminution processes can be excellently accomplished.

COMPOSITION OF SILICON DIOXIDE

The main element of quartz sand is silicon dioxide (SiO2). The oxygen atoms form with the silicon atom in the centre a tetrahedral structure. Each oxygen atom simultaneously belongs to two silicon atoms. In this manner the tetrahedral structures have a cross-linked high-molecular weight. Due to this fact, silicon dioxide obtains its special hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale (compared to Diamonds = 10) and the extremely high melting point of 1713°C. These characteristics enable the utilization in the semiconductor or construction industry.

COMMINUTION OF QUARTZ SAND

Due to the brittle character of sand is the comminution unproblematic. But it must be kept in mind, that because of its composition it may vary in its abrasiveness. In order to minimize this influence, typically a mill with impact forces is chosen. The FRITSCH Planetary Mills are especially suitable for fast and effective processing.

The application laboratory, as well as the application consultants performed a series of interlaboratory comparisons in order to optimize the grinding even further in regards to instrument choice, sample amount, addition of liquids and many additional parameters. These internal interlaboratory comparisons proof that the FRITSCH Planetary Ball Mills by far exceed the FRITSCH Mortar Grinder in the preparation of sand in regards to effectiveness and grinding duration. This is especially due to the transmission of power and energy. Planetary Ball Mills are optimized in regards to maximum energy impact. A distinct feature offers the FRITSCH Planetary Ball Mill premium line: through a clearly increased rotational speed, wet grinding is possible in the particle size range down to a few nanometres.

THE TASK

In the concrete case, very pure quartz sand was to be ground down to a particle size below 100 µm. Prepared in this manner, it is possible to melt a water glass from the ground material. The goal, to determine the iron content is then photometrically possible without any problems. Slightest traces of iron in the glass extremely discolour it and it would be fatal if for example window glass or drinking glasses would show an uncontrolled brown discolouration. Therefore is the monitoring of the iron content of quartz sand in the glass industry of great significance.
Initially, a Mortar Grinder was used for this task: 20 g quartz sand is ground analytically fine with the Mortar Grinder PULVERISETTE 2 with agate bowl in 30 minutes. But in only 5 minutes, 100 g of quartz sand is ground to a comparable analytical fineness by using the Planetary Mono Mill PULVERISETTE 6 classic line, with a 250 ml agate grinding bowl and 15 agate balls with 20 mm diameter.

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